Нобелова награда за хемија

Од Википедија, слободната енциклопедија
Скокни на: содржини, барај
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Јакоб Хенрик фант Хоф (1852 – 1911) е првиот добитник на Нобеловата награда за хемија.

Нобелова награда за хемија (шведски: Nobelpriset i kemi) е годишна награда што ја доделува Кралската академија на науките на научници од различни области на хемијата. Таа е една од петте Нобелови награди што ја основал во 1895 година пронаоѓачот на динамитот, шведскиот физичар Алфред Нобел (1833 - 1896). Останатите награди се: Нобелова награда за физика, Нобелова награда за физиологија или медицина, Нобелова награда за литература, Нобелова награда за мир и Нобелова награда за економија.[1]

Според тестаментот на Нобел, наградата се исплатува од средствата на фондацијата „Нобел“, а ја доделува комитет од пет члена кои ги избира Кралската академија на науките.[2] Првата Нобелова награда за хемија е доделена во 1901 година на Јакоб Хенрик фант Хоф, од Холандија.

Секој добитник добива медал, диплома и парична награда која не е иста секоја година.[3] Во 2007 година, Гехарт Ертл добил десет милиони шведски круни, (малку повеќе од 1 милион €, или 1,4 милиони американски долари.

Наградата се доделува во Стокхолм на годишна церемонија на 10 декември, годишница од смртта на Нобел.[4]

[уреди] Лауреати

Година Добитник[A] Земја[B] Образложување[C]
1901 Vant Hoff.jpg Јакоб Хенрик ван Хоф Холандија „за пронаѓање на законите на химиската динамика и осмотскиот притисок во растворите"[5]
1902 Hermann Emil Fischer.jpg Херман Емил Фишер Германија „за неговата работа на синтетизирање на шекер и синтеза на пурин"[6]
1903 Arrhenius2.jpg Сванте август Арениус Шведска „за неговата електролитска теорија на дисоцијација"[7]
1904 William Ramsay working.jpg Сир Вилијам Рамзи Велика Британија „за откривањето на инертни гасови во атмосферата, и одредувањето на нивното место во периодниот систем"[8]
1905 Adolf von Baeyer (Nobel 1905).jpg Адолф вон Баејер Германија „[за] унапредување на органската хемија и хемиската индустрија"[9]
1906 Henri Moissan.jpg Хенри Моасан Франција „[за неговото] истражување и изолација на елементот флуор"[10]
1907 Eduardbuchner.jpg Едвард Бухнер Германија „за неговите биохемиски истражувања и откритието на слободноќелиска ферментација"[11]
1908 Ernest Rutherford2.jpg Ернест Рутерфорд Велика Британија
Нов Зеланд		 „за истражување од областа на распаѓање на елементи и истражувња на радиоактивните супстанци"[12]
1909 Wilhelm Ostwald.jpg Вилхелм Оствалд Германија „[за] неговата работа на catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"[13]
1910 Otto Wallach.jpg Ото Валах Германија "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[14]
1911 Mariecurie.jpg Марија Склодовска - Кири Франција "[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"[15]
1912 Victor Grignard.jpg Виктор Григнард Франција "for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent"[16]
Sabatier.jpg Пол Сбатиер Франција "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals"[16]
1913 Alfred Werner.jpg Алфред Вернер Швајцарија "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry"[17]
1914 Richards Theodore William lab.jpg Теодора Вилиам Ричардс САД "[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"[18]
1915 Richard Willstätter.jpg Ричард Мартин Вилстетер Германија "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"[19]
1916 Не е доделена
1917 Не е доделена
1918 Fritz Haber.png Фриц Хабер Германија "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"[20]
1919 Не е доделена
1920 Walther Nernst.jpg Валтер Херман Нернст Германија "[for] his work in thermochemistry"[21]
1921 Frederick Soddy (Nobel 1922).png Фредерик Соди Велика Британија "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"[22]
1922 Франсис Вилиам Астон Велика Британија "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"[23]
1923 Fritz Pregl.jpg Фриц Прегл Австрија "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"[24]
1924 Не е доделена
1925 Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg Ричард Адолф Сигмонди Германија "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used"[25]
1926 The-svedberg-1.jpg Теодор Сведберг Шведска "for his work on disperse systems"[26]
1927 Heinrich Wieland.jpg Хајнрих Ото Виланд Германија "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"[27]
1928 Windaus.jpg Адолф Ото Рајнхолд Виндаус Германија "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"[28]
1929 ArthurHarden.jpg Артур Харден Велика Британија "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"[29]
Ханс вон Еулер-Члпин Германија
1930 Hans Fischer (Nobel).jpg Ханс Фишер Германија "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"[30]
1931 Carl Bosch.jpg Карл Бош Германија "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"[31]
Bergius.jpg Фридрих Бергиус Германија
1932 Irving Langmuir.jpg Ирвинг Лангмур САД "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"[32]
1933 Не е доделена
1934 Harold Urey.jpg Харолд Клејтон Уреј САД "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"[33]
1935 Фредерик Жолиот Франција "[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements"[34]
Ирене Жолио Кири Франција
1936 Debye100.jpg Петар Дибеј Холандија "[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"[35]
1937 Волтер Ховарт Велика Британија "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"[36]
Пол Карер Швајцарија "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938 Ричард Кун Германија "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"[37]
1939 Адолф Бутенанд Германија "for his work on sex hormones"[38]
Лавослав Ружичка Швајцарија "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"[38]
1940 Не е доделена
1941 Не е доделена
1942 Не е доделена
1943 George de Hevesy.jpg Георг де Хевеси Унгарија "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"[39]
1944 Ото Хан Германија "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"[40]
1945 Артури Илари Виртанен Финска "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"[41]
1946 Џејмс Б. Самер САД "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"[42]
Џон Ховард Нортроп САД "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"[43]
Вендеч Мередит Стенли САД
1947 Роберт Робинсон Велика Британија "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"[44]
1948 Арне Целиус Швајцарија "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"[45]
1949 Вилиам Гиок САД "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"[46]
1950 Ото Дилс Германија "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"[47]
Курт Алдер Германија
1951 Едвин Мекмилан САД "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"[48]
Глен Т. Сиборг САД
1952 Арчер Џон Портер Мартин Велика Британија "for their invention of partition chromatography"[49]
Ричард Лоренс Милингтон Синге Велика Британија
1953 Херман Штаудингер Германија "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"[50]
1954 Pauling.jpg Линус Паулинг САД "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"[51]
1955 Винсент ду Вигнеод САД "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"[52]
1956 Кирил Нормал Хиншелвуд Велика Британија "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"[53]
Николај Николаевич Семенов СССР
1957 Lord (Alexander R.) Todd Велика Британија "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"[54]
1958 Frederick Sanger2.jpg Frederick Sanger Велика Британија "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"[55]
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský Чехословачка "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"[56]
1960 Willard Frank Libby САД "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"[57]
1961 Melvin Calvin.jpg Melvin Calvin САД "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"[58]
1962 Max Ferdinand Perutz Велика Британија "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"[59]
John Cowdery Kendrew John Cowdery Kendrew Велика Британија
1963 Karl Ziegler Германија "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"[60]
Giulio Natta Италија
1964 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Велика Британија "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[61]
1965 Robert Burns Woodward САД "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"[62]
1966 Robert S. Mulliken САД "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"[63]
1967 Manfred Eigen Германија "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"[64]
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish Велика Британија
George Porter Велика Британија
1968 Lars Onsager САД "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"[65]
1969 Derek H. R. Barton Велика Британија "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"[66]
Odd Hassel Норвешка
1970 Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg Luis F. Leloir Аргентина "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[67]
1971 Gerhard Herzberg Канада "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"[68]
1972 Christian B. Anfinsen, NIH portrait, 1969.jpg Christian B. Anfinsen САД "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[69]
Stanford Moore САД "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"[69]
William H. Stein САД
1973 Ernst Otto Fischer Германија "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"[70]
Geoffrey Wilkinson Велика Британија
1974 Paul J. Flory САД "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"[71]
1975 John Warcup Cornforth Австралија
Велика Британија		 "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"[72]
Vladimir Prelog Швајцарија "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"[72]
1976 William N. Lipscomb САД "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"[73]
1977 Ilya Prigogine Белгија "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"[74]
1978 Peter D. Mitchell Велика Британија "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"[75]
1979 Herbert C. Brown САД "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"[76]
Georg Wittig Германија
1980 Paul Berg in 1980.jpg Paul Berg САД "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[77]
Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert САД "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[77]
Frederick Sanger Frederick Sanger Велика Британија
1981 Kenichi Fukui Јапонија "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"[78]
Roald Hoffmann САД
1982 Aaron Klug Велика Британија "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"[79]
1983 Henry Taube САД "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"[80]
1984 75px Robert Bruce Merrifield САД "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"[81]
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman САД "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"[82]
Jerome Karle САД
1986 Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley R. Herschbach САД "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"[83]
Yuan T. Lee САД
John C. Polanyi Канада
1987 Donald J. Cram САД "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"[84]
Jean-Marie Lehn Jean-Marie Lehn Франција
Charles J. Pedersen САД
1988 Johann Deisenhofer Германија "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"[85]
Robert Huber Robert Huber Германија
Hartmut Michel Германија
1989 Sidney Altman Канада
САД		 "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"[86]
Thomas R. Cech Thomas R. Cech САД
1990 Elias James Corey САД "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"[87]
1991 Richard R. Ernst Швајцарија "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"[88]
1992 Prof. Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus.jpg Rudolph A. Marcus САД "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[89]
1993 Kary B. Mullis САД "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"[90]
Michael Smith Канада "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"[90]
1994 George A. Olah САД "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"[91]
1995 Paul J. Crutzen Холандија "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"[92]
Mario J. Molina Mario J. Molina САД
F. Sherwood Rowland.jpg F. Sherwood Rowland САД
1996 Robert F. Curl Jr. САД "for their discovery of fullerenes"[93]
Harold Kroto Sir Harold W. Kroto Велика Британија
Richard E. Smalley САД
1997 Paul D. Boyer САД "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"[94]
John E. Walker Велика Британија
Jens C. Skou Данска "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"[94]
1998 Walter Kohn САД "for his development of the density-functional theory"[95]
John A. Pople Велика Британија "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"[95]
1999 Ahmed H. Zewail Египет
САД		 "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"[96]
2000 Alan J. Heeger САД "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"[97]
Alan G MacDiarmid САД
Нов Зеланд
Hideki Shirakawa Јапонија
2001 William S. Knowles САД "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"[98]
Ryoji Noyori Ryoji Noyori Јапонија
K. Barry Sharpless САД "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"[99]
2002 John B. Fenn John B. Fenn САД "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"[100]
Koichi Tanaka Јапонија
Kurt Wüthrich Kurt Wüthrich Швајцарија "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"[100]
2003 Peter Agre САД "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels"[101]
Roderick MacKinnon Roderick MacKinnon САД "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"[101]
2004 Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Ciehanover.jpg Aaron Ciechanover Израел "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[102]
Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Hershko.jpg Avram Hershko Израел
Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg Irwin Rose САД
2005 Yves Chauvin Франција "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"[103]
Robert Grubbs Robert H. Grubbs САД
Richard R. Schrock САД
2006 Roger.Kornberg.JPG Roger D. Kornberg САД "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"[104]
2007 Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg Гехарт Ертл Германија "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"[105]
2008 Осаму Шимомура САД/Јапонија[106] "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"[107]
Мартин Чалфи САД
Роџер Ј. Циен САД

[уреди] Наводи

  1. ↑ „Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize“. Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/. проверено на 2008-10-29. 
  2. ↑ „The Nobel Prize Awarders“. Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/. проверено на 2008-10-29. 
  3. ↑ „The Nobel Prize“. Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/. проверено на 2008-10-29. 
  4. ↑ „The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies“. Nobel Foundation. http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/. проверено на 2008-10-29. 
  5. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1901/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  6. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1902/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  7. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1903/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  8. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1904/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  9. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1905/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  10. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1906/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  11. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1907/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  12. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  13. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1909/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  14. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1910/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  15. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1911/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  16. ↑ 16,0 16,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1912/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  17. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  18. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1914/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  19. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1915/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  20. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1918/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  21. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1920/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  22. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  23. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1922/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  24. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1923/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  25. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1925/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  26. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1926/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  27. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1927/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  28. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1928/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  29. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1929/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  30. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1930/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  31. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1931/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  32. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1932/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  33. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1934/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  34. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1935/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  35. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1936/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  36. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1937/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  37. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  38. ↑ 38,0 38,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1939/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  39. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1943/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  40. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  41. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1945/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  42. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  43. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  44. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1947/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  45. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1948/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  46. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1949/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  47. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1950/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  48. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  49. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1952/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  50. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1953/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  51. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1954“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1954/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  52. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1955/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  53. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1956“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1956/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  54. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1957“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1957/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  55. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1958/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  56. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1959“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1959/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  57. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  58. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1961“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1961/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  59. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1962“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1962/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  60. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1963“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1963/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  61. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  62. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1965“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1965/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  63. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1966“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1966/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  64. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1967/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  65. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1968“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1968/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  66. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1969“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1969/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  67. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1970“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1970/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  68. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1971“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1971/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  69. ↑ 69,0 69,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  70. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1973“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1973/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  71. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1974“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1974/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  72. ↑ 72,0 72,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1975/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  73. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1976“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1976/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  74. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1977“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1977/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  75. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1978“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1978/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  76. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1979“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1979/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  77. ↑ 77,0 77,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  78. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1981“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1981/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  79. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1982“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1982/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  80. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1983/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  81. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1984“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1984/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  82. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1985“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  83. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1986/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  84. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1987“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1987/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  85. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1988“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1988/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  86. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1989/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  87. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1990“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1990/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  88. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1991“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1991/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  89. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1992“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1992/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  90. ↑ 90,0 90,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  91. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1994“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1994/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  92. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  93. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  94. ↑ 94,0 94,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1997“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1997/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  95. ↑ 95,0 95,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1998/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  96. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1999“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1999/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  97. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2000“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2000/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  98. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  99. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2001“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2001/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  100. ↑ 100,0 100,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2002/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  101. ↑ 101,0 101,1 „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  102. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2004/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  103. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  104. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2006/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  105. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2007/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-06. 
  106. ↑ As of 26 октомври 2008, the nobelprize.org website page for the 2008 award gives Shimomura's country as "USA". However, the press release from the Nobel Foundation on 8 октомври 2008, announcing the award, states that Shimomura is a Japanese citizen. „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008–Press Release“. Nobelprize.org. 2008-10-08. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/press.html. проверено на 2008-10-08. 
  107. ↑ „The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008“. Nobelprize.org. http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html. проверено на 2008-10-08. 
Notes

↑ A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel Laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel Laureate at nobelprize.org.

↑ B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

↑ C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel Laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.

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